Fire and water resistant expansion joint system

ABSTRACT

A fire resistant and water resistant expansion joint system comprises a compressed lamination of fire retardant infused open celled foam, one coat of an elastomeric waterproofing or water resistant material on the lamination, and another coat of an intumescent material on an opposing surface of the lamination, thereby providing fire resistance in one direction and water resistance in the opposite direction. The intumescent material may be further coated with a similar elastomeric material, thereby providing fire resistance in one direction and water resistance in both directions. In the alternative, the compressed lamination may comprise first and second opposing layers of intumescent material thereon each having a respective layer of elastomeric material to provide both water resistance and fire resistance in both directions.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/540,514, filed on Nov. 13, 2014 (now U.S. Pat.No. ______), which is a Continuation Application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/278,210, filed on May 15, 2014, which is aContinuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/721,855,filed on Dec. 20, 2012 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,739,495, issued Jun. 3,2014, and includes reexamination certificate C1 issued Oct. 28, 2016),which is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/622,574, filed on Nov. 20, 2009 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,365,495, issuedon Feb. 5, 2013, and includes reexamination certificate C1 issued Nov.2, 2016), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/116,453, filed on Nov. 20, 2008, the contents of eachof which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties andthe benefits of each are fully claimed herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to joint systems for use inarchitectural applications and, more particularly, to an expansion jointsystem for use in building and construction systems.

BACKGROUND

Building and construction applications in which materials such asconcrete, metal, and glass are used typically employ joint systems thataccommodate thermal and/or seismic movements of the various materialsthereof and/or intentional movement of various elements relative to eachother. These joint systems may be positioned to extend through both theinterior and exterior surfaces (e.g., walls, floors, and roofs) of abuilding or other structure. In the case of an exterior joint in anexterior wall, roof, or floor exposed to external environmentalconditions, the joint system should also, to some degree, resist theeffects of such conditions. As such, most exterior joints are designedto resist the effects of water. In particular, vertically-orientedexterior joints are designed to resist water in the form of rain, snow,ice, or debris that is driven by wind. Horizontally-oriented joints aredesigned to resist water in the form of rain, standing water, snow, ice,debris such as sand, and in some circumstances all of these at the sametime. Additionally, some horizontal systems may be subjected topedestrian and/or vehicular traffic and are designed to withstand suchtraffic.

In the case of interior joints, water tightness aspects are less of anissue than they are in exterior joints, and so products are oftendesigned simply to accommodate building movement. However, interiorhorizontal joints may also be subject to pedestrian traffic and in somecases vehicular traffic as well.

It has been generally recognized that building joint systems aredeficient with respect to fire resistance. In some instances, movementas a result of building joint systems has been shown to create chimneyeffects which can have consequences with regard to fire containment.This often results in the subversion of fire resistive elements that maybe incorporated into the construction of a building. This problem isparticularly severe in large high-rise buildings, parking garages, andstadiums where fire may spread too rapidly to allow the structures to beevacuated.

Early designs for fire resistive joints included monolithic blocks ofmineral wool or other inorganic materials of either monolithic orcomposite constructions either in combination with or without afield-applied liquid sealant. In general, these designs were adequatefor non-moving joints or control joints where movements were very small.Where movements were larger and the materials were significantlycompressed during the normal thermal expansion cycles of the buildingstructure, these designs generally did not function as intended. Indeed,many designs simply lacked the resilience or recovery characteristicsrequired to maintain adequate coverage of the entire joint widththroughout the normal thermal cycle (expansion and contraction) thatbuildings experience. Many of these designs were tested in accordancewith accepted standards such as ASTM E-119, which provides for fireexposure testing of building components under static conditions and doesnot take into account the dynamic nature of expansion joint systems. Asdescribed above, this dynamic behavior can contribute to the compromiseof the fire resistance properties of some building designs.

Underwriters Laboratories developed UL 2079, a further refinement ofASTM E-119, by adding a cycling regimen to the test. Additionally, UL2079 stipulates that the design be tested at the maximum joint size.This test is more reflective of real world conditions, and as such,architects and engineers have begun requesting expansion joint productsthat meet it.

Many designs which pass ASTM E-119 without the cycling regime do notpass UL 2079. This may be adequate, as stated above, for non-movingbuilding joints; however, most building expansion joint systems aredesigned to accommodate some movement as a result of thermal effects(e.g., expansion into the joint and contraction away from the joint) oras a result of seismic movement.

Both expansion joints and fire resistive expansion joints typicallyaddress either the water tightness aspects of the expansion joint systemor the fire resistive nature of the expansion joint system, as describedabove, but not both.

Water resistant or water tight expansion joints exist in many forms, butin general they are constructed from materials designed to resist waterpenetration during the mechanical cycling caused by movement of thebuilding due to thermal effects. These designs do not have fireresistant properties in a sufficient fashion to meet even the lowestfire rating standards. Indeed, many waterproofing materials act as fuelfor any fire present, which can lead to a chimney effect that rapidlyspreads fire throughout a building.

Conversely, many fire rated expansion joints do not have sufficientability to resist water penetration to make them suitable for exteriorapplications. Many designs reliant upon mineral wool, ceramic materialsand blankets, and intumescents, alone or in combination with each other,have compromised fire resistance if they come into contact with water.Additionally, as noted above, many fire rated designs cannot accommodatethe mechanical cycling due to thermal effects without compromising thefire resistance.

This has resulted in the installation of two systems for each expansionjoint where both a fire rating and water resistance is required. In manycases, there simply is not sufficient room in the physical spaceoccupied by the expansion joint to accommodate both a fire rated systemand a waterproofing system. In instances where the physicalaccommodation can be made, the resultant installation involves twoproducts, with each product requiring its own crew of trainedinstallers. Care is exercised such that one installation does notcompromise the other.

Many systems also require on-site assembly to create a finishedexpansion joint system. This is arguably another weakness, as anincorrectly installed or constructed system may compromise fire andwater resistance properties. In some cases, these fire resistantexpansion joint systems are invasively anchored to the substrate (whichmay be concrete). Over time, the points at which such systems areanchored are subject to cracking and ultimately spalling, which maysubvert the effectiveness of the fire resistance by simply allowing thefire to go around the fire resistant elements of the system.

Many expansion joint products do not fully consider the irregular natureof building expansion joints. It is quite common for an expansion jointto have several transition areas along its length. These may be walls,parapets, columns or other obstructions. As such, the expansion jointproduct, in some fashion or other, follows the joint. In many products,this is a point of weakness, as the homogeneous nature of the product isinterrupted. Methods of handling these transitions include stitching,gluing, and welding. All of these are weak spots from both a waterproofing aspect and a fire resistance aspect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the term “waterproof” means that the flow of water isprevented, the term “water resistant” means that the flow of water isinhibited, and the term “fire resistant” means that the spread of fireis inhibited.

In one aspect, the present invention resides in a fire resistant andwater resistant expansion joint system comprising a compressedlamination of fire retardant infused open celled foam, one coat of anelastomeric waterproofing or water resistant material on the lamination,and another coat of an intumescent material on an opposing surface ofthe lamination, thereby providing fire resistance in one direction andwater resistance in the opposite direction. The intumescent material maybe further coated with a similar elastomeric material, thereby providingfire resistance in one direction and water resistance in bothdirections. In the alternative, the compressed lamination may comprisefirst and second opposing layers of intumescent material thereon eachhaving a respective layer of elastomeric material to provide both waterresistance and fire resistance in both directions. The systems asdescribed herein are not limited to any particular type of foam,however, as various types of foams (including polyurethanes) are withinthe scope of the present invention.

In another aspect, the present invention resides in an architecturaljoint system comprising first and second substrates arranged to becoplanar and an expansion joint located in compression therebetween. Theexpansion joint is an open celled polyurethane foam having a fireretardant material infused therein. At least one layer of an intumescentmaterial is disposed on at least one surface of the open celledpolyurethane foam, and at least one layer of elastomer is disposed on atleast one of a surface of the open celled polyurethane foam and at leastone layer of the intumescent material. Upon compression of the expansionjoint and its location between the substrates, the expansion jointaccommodates movement between the substrates while imparting fireresistance and water resistance.

In another aspect, the present invention resides in a method ofinstalling an expansion joint. In the method of installing such a joint,first and second substrates are provided in a coplanar arrangement suchthat a gap is formed between the edges thereof. An expansion jointsystem comprising a foam infused with a fire retardant material andhaving a water resistant layer and a fire resistant layer disposedthereon is compressed and inserted into the gap between the substratesand allowed to expand to fill the gap.

In the embodiments of the systems described herein, the elastomermaterial provides for waterproofing or water resistance, the intumescentmaterial provides for fire resistance, and the fire retardant infusedopen celled foam provides for both fire resistance and movementproperties. These materials can be assembled and arranged so as to offerwaterproofing or water resistance in one direction and fire resistancein the other (an asymmetrical configuration), or in a fashion thatoffers both waterproofing (or water resistance) and fire resistance inboth directions (a symmetrical configuration) through the buildingjoint. The system is delivered to the job site in a pre-compressed stateready for installation into the building joint.

The expansion joint systems and architectural joint systems of thepresent invention provide a substantially resilient fire resistant andwater resistant mechanism that is able to accommodate thermal, seismic,and other building movements while maintaining both fire and waterresistance characteristics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an expansion jointsystem of the present invention.

FIG. 1A is a detail view of FIG. 1 illustrating foam 12 infused with afire retardant material 60.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an expansion jointsystem of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion jointsystem of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion jointsystem of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The expansion joint system described is best understood by referring tothe attached drawings. The expansion joint system as described herein isshown as being installed between concrete substrates. The presentinvention is not limited in this regard, however, as the expansion jointsystem may be installed between substrates or surfaces other thanconcrete. Materials for such substrates or surfaces include, but are notlimited to, glass, asphalt, stone (granite, marble, etc.), metal, andthe like.

Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of an expansion joint system isshown at 10 and is hereinafter referred to as “system 10.” In system 10,compressed laminations 13 of open celled polyurethane foam 12(hereinafter referred to as “foam 12”) are infused with a fire retardantmaterial 60 (as illustrated in Detail FIG. 1A) to form the definedexpansion joint locatable between coplanar concrete substrates 50. Asstated above, the present invention is not limited to the use ofpolyurethane foams, as other foams are within the scope of the presentinvention. The individual laminations 13A extend substantiallyperpendicular to the direction in which the joint extends and areconstructed by infusing each lamination with an amount of fire retardantmaterial 60. However, the structures of the present invention are alsonot limited in this regard, as the foam may comprise a solid block ofnon-laminated foam of fixed size depending upon the desired joint size,a laminate comprising laminations oriented parallel to the direction inwhich the joint extends, or combinations of the foregoing. The amount offire retardant material 60 infused into the open celled foam is between3.5:1 and 4:1 by weight in ratio with the uninfused foam itself. Theresultant uncompressed foam, whether comprising a solid block orlaminates, has a density of about 130 kg/m³ to about 150 kg/m³ andpreferably about 140 kg/m³.

One type of fire retardant material 60 that may be used is water-basedaluminum tri-hydrate (also known as aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH)). Thepresent invention is not limited in this regard, however, as other fireretardant materials may be used. Such materials include, but are notlimited to, metal oxides and other metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides,antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds such as ferrocene,molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, combinations of theforegoing materials, and other compounds capable of suppressingcombustion and smoke formation.

Several laminations of the polyurethane foam, the number depending onthe desired size of the expansion joint, are compiled and thencompressed and held at such compression in a suitable fixture. Thefixture is at a width slightly greater than that which the expansionjoint is anticipated to experience at the largest possible movement ofthe adjacent concrete surfaces. At this width, the infused foam laminateis coated with a waterproof elastomer 14 at one surface. This waterproofelastomer may be a polysulfide, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane,poly-epoxide, silyl-terminated polyether, a formulation of one or moreof the foregoing materials with or without other elastomeric componentsor similar suitable elastomeric coating or liquid sealant materials, ora mixture, blend, or other formulation of one or more of the foregoing.One preferred elastomer coating for application to a horizontal deckwhere vehicular traffic is expected is Pecora 301, which is a siliconepavement sealant available from Pecora Corporation of Harleysville, Pa.Another preferred elastomeric coating is Dow Corning 888, which is asilicone joint sealant available from Dow Corning Corporation ofMidland, Mich. Both of the foregoing elastomers are traffic grade ratedsealants. For vertically-oriented expansion joints, exemplary preferredelastomer coatings include Pecora 890, Dow Corning 790, and Dow Corning795.

Depending on the nature of the adhesive characteristics of the elastomer14, a primer may be applied to the outer surfaces of the laminations offoam 12 prior to the coating with the elastomer. Applying such a primermay facilitate the adhesion of the elastomer 14 to the foam 12.

The elastomer 14 is tooled or otherwise configured to create a“bellows,” “bullet,” or other suitable profile such that the elastomericmaterial can be compressed in a uniform and aesthetic fashion whilebeing maintained in a virtually tensionless environment.

The surface of the infused foam laminate opposite the surface coatedwith the waterproofing elastomer 14 is coated with an intumescentmaterial 16. One type of intumescent material 16 may be a caulk havingfire barrier properties. A caulk is generally a silicone, polyurethane,polysulfide, sylil-terminated-polyether, or polyurethane and acrylicsealing agent in latex or elastomeric base. Fire barrier properties aregenerally imparted to a caulk via the incorporation of one or more fireretardant agents. One preferred intumescent material 16 is 3 M CP25WB+,which is a fire barrier caulk available from 3 M of St. Paul, Minn. Likethe elastomer 14, the intumescent material 16 is tooled or otherwiseconfigured to create a “bellows” profile to facilitate the compressionof the foam lamination.

After tooling or otherwise configuring to have the bellows-type ofprofile, both the coating of the elastomer 14 and the intumescentmaterial 16 are cured in place on the foam 12 while the infused foamlamination is held at the prescribed compressed width. After theelastomer 14 and the intumescent material 16 have been cured, the entirefoam composite is removed from the fixture, optionally compressed toless than the nominal size of the material and packaged for shipment tothe job site. This first embodiment is suited to horizontal parking deckapplications where waterproofing is desired on the top side and fireresistance is desired from beneath, as in the event of a vehicle fire onthe parking deck below.

In this system 10, a sealant band and/or corner bead 18 of the elastomer14 can be applied on the side(s) of the interface between the foamlaminate and the concrete substrate 50 to create a water tight seal.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an alternate expansion joint system 20 of thepresent invention illustrates the foam 12 having a first elastomer 14coated on one surface and the intumescent material 16 coated on anopposing surface. A second elastomer 15 is coated on the intumescentmaterial 16 and serves the function of waterproofing. In this manner,the system 20 is water resistant in both directions and fire resistantin one direction. The system 20 is used in applications that are similarto the applications in which the system 10 is used, but may be usedwhere water is present on the underside of the expansion joint.Additionally, it would be suitable for vertical expansion joints wherewaterproofing or water resistance is desirable in both directions whilefire resistance is desired in only one direction. The second elastomer15 may also serve to aesthetically integrate the system 20 withsurrounding substrate material.

Sealant bands and/or corner beads 22 of the first elastomer 14 can beapplied to the sides as with the embodiment described above. Sealantbands and/or corner beads 24 can be applied on top of the secondelastomer 15, thereby creating a water tight seal between the concretesubstrate 50 and the intumescent material.

Referring now to FIG. 3, another expansion joint system of the presentinvention is shown at 30. In system 30, the foam 12 is similar to or thesame as the above-described foam, but both exposed surfaces are coatedfirst with the intumescent material 16 to define a first coating of theintumescent material and a second coating of the intumescent material16. The first coating of the intumescent material 16 is coated with afirst elastomer material 32, and the second coating of the intumescentmaterial 16 is coated with a second elastomer material 34. This system30 can be used in the same environments as the above-described systemswith the added benefit that it is both waterproof or at least waterresistant and fire resistant in both directions through the joint. Thismakes it especially suitable for vertical joints in either interior orexterior applications.

In system 30, sealant bands and/or corner beads 38 of the elastomer areapplied in a similar fashion as described above and on both sides of thefoam 12. This creates a water tight elastomer layer on both sides of thefoam 12.

In each of the embodiments described herein, the infused foam laminateis constructed in a manner which insures that substantially the samedensity of fire retardant 60 is present in the product regardless of thefinal size of the product. The starting density of the infused foam isapproximately 140 kg/m³. After compression, the infused foam density isin the range of 200-700 kg/m³. After installation the laminate willcycle between densities of approximately 750 kg/m³ at the smallest sizeof the expansion joint to approximately 400-450 kg/m³ (or less) at themaximum size of the joint. This density of 400-450 kg/m³ was determinedthrough experimentation, as a reasonable minimum which still affordsadequate fire retardant capacity, such that the resultant composite canpass the UL 2079 test program. The present invention is not limited tocycling in the foregoing ranges, however, and the foam may attaindensities outside of the herein-described ranges.

In horizontal expansion joint systems, installation is accomplished byadhering the foam laminate to the concrete substrate using an adhesivesuch as epoxy. The epoxy or other adhesive is applied to the faces ofthe expansion joint prior to removing the foam laminate from thepackaging thereof (such packaging may comprise restraining elements,straps, ties, bands, shrink wrap plastic, or the like). Once thepackaging has been removed, the foam laminate will begin to expand, andit should be inserted into the joint in the desired orientation furtherto the application of epoxy or other adhesive materials to the side(s)of the foam laminate if so desired. Once the foam lamination hasexpanded to suit the expansion joint, it will become locked in by thecombination of the foam back pressure and the adhesive.

In vertical expansion joint systems, an adhesive band may be pre-appliedto the foam lamination. In this case, for installation, the foamlaminate is removed from the packaging and simply inserted into thespace between the concrete surfaces to be joined where it is allowed toexpand to meet the concrete substrate. Once this is done, the adhesiveband in combination with the back pressure of the foam will hold thefoam in position.

To fill an entire expansion joint, the installation as described aboveis repeated as needed. To join the end of one foam laminate to the endof another in either the horizontal configuration or the verticalconfiguration, a technique similar to that used with the sealant bandand/or corner beads can be employed. After inserting one section of asystem (joint) and adhering it securely to the concrete substrate, thenext section is readied by placing it in proximity to the first section.A band or bead of the intumescent material and the elastomer material isapplied on the end of the foam laminate in the appropriate locations.The next section is removed from the packaging and allowed to expand inclose proximity to the previously installed section. When the expansionhas taken place and the section is beginning to adhere to the substrates(joint faces), the section is firmly seated against the previouslyinstalled section. The outside faces are then tooled to create anaesthetically pleasing seamless interface.

The above mentioned installation procedure is simple, rapid, and has noinvasive elements which impinge upon or penetrate the concrete (orother) substrates. This avoids many of the long term problems associatedwith invasive anchoring of screws into expansion joint faces.

Although this invention has been shown and described with respect to thedetailed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of skill inthe art that various changes may be made and equivalents may besubstituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of theinvention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt a particularsituation or material to the teachings of the invention withoutdeparting from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intendedthat the invention not be limited to the particular embodimentsdisclosed in the above detailed description, but that the invention willinclude all embodiments falling within the scope of this disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An expansion joint system, comprising: foam; afire retardant material included in the foam; and the expansion jointsystem accommodates movement and facilitates compression when installedbetween substrates, wherein the foam with the fire retardant materialincluded therein has a density when compressed in a range of about 200kg/m³ to about 700 kg/m³, and the expansion joint system and the foamwith the fire retardant material included therein are configured to passmovement cycling and fire endurance testing mandated by UL
 2079. 2. Theexpansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the expansion joint systemhas an ability to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 540° C.at about five minutes to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 3. The expansionjoint system of claim 1, wherein the foam uncompressed has a density ofabout 130 kg/m³ to about 150 kg/m³.
 4. The expansion joint system ofclaim 1, further comprising a water resistant layer.
 5. The expansionjoint system of claim 1, wherein the expansion joint system has theability to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 930° C. at aboutone hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 6. The expansion joint system ofclaim 1, wherein the expansion joint system has the ability to withstandexposure to a temperature of about 1010° C. at about two hours to passthe UL 2079 testing.
 7. The expansion joint system of claim 1, whereinthe expansion joint system has the ability to withstand exposure to atemperature of about 1260° C. at about eight hours to pass the UL 2079testing.
 8. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the ratio ofthe fire retardant material included in the foam is in a range of about3.5:1 to about 4:1 by weight.
 9. The expansion joint system of claim 1,wherein the fire retardant material included in the foam includeswater-based aluminum tri-hydrate.
 10. The expansion joint system ofclaim 1, wherein the fire retardant material included in the foam isselected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal hydroxides,aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds,ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, andcombinations of the foregoing materials.
 11. The expansion joint systemof claim 1, wherein the movement is in response to thermal effects on,or seismic movement of, the substrates.
 12. An expansion joint system,comprising: foam; a fire retardant material included in the foam; awater resistant layer; and the expansion joint system accommodatesmovement and facilitates compression when installed between substrates,wherein the foam with the fire retardant material included therein has adensity when compressed in a range of about 200 kg/m³ to about 700kg/m³, and the expansion joint system and the foam with the fireretardant material included therein are configured to pass movementcycling and fire endurance testing mandated by UL
 2079. 13. Theexpansion joint system of claim 12, wherein the expansion joint systemhas an ability to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 1010° C.at about two hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 14. The expansion jointsystem of claim 12, wherein the foam uncompressed has a density of about130 kg/m³ to about 150 kg/m³.
 15. The expansion joint system of claim12, wherein the expansion joint system has the ability to withstandexposure to a temperature of about 1260° C. at about eight hours. 16.The expansion joint system of claim 12, wherein the ratio of the fireretardant material included in the foam is in a range of about 3.5:1 toabout 4:1 by weight.
 17. The expansion joint system of claim 12, whereinthe fire retardant material included in the foam includes water-basedaluminum tri-hydrate.
 18. The expansion joint system of claim 12,wherein the fire retardant material included in the foam is selectedfrom the group consisting of metal oxides, metal hydroxides, aluminumoxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, ferrocene,molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, and combinations of theforegoing materials.
 19. The expansion joint system of claim 12, whereinthe movement is in response to thermal effects on, or seismic movementof, the substrates.
 20. An expansion joint system, consisting of: foam;a fire retardant material included in the foam; and the expansion jointsystem accommodates movement and facilitates compression when installedbetween substrates, wherein the foam with the fire retardant materialincluded therein has a density when compressed in a range of about 200kg/m³ to about 700 kg/m³, and the expansion joint system and the foamwith the fire retardant material included therein are configured to passmovement cycling and fire endurance testing mandated by UL
 2079. 21. Theexpansion joint system of claim 20, wherein the expansion joint systemhas the ability to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 930° C.at about one hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 22. The expansion jointsystem of claim 20, wherein the expansion joint system has the abilityto withstand exposure to a temperature of about 1010° C. at about twohours to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 23. The expansion joint system ofclaim 20, wherein the expansion joint system has the ability towithstand exposure to a temperature of about 1260° C. at about eighthours to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 24. The expansion joint system ofclaim 20, wherein the expansion joint system has the ability towithstand exposure to a temperature of about 540° C. at about fiveminutes to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 25. The expansion joint system ofclaim 20, wherein the foam uncompressed has a density of about 130 kg/m³to about 150 kg/m³.
 26. The expansion joint system of claim 20, whereinthe ratio of the fire retardant material included in the foam is in arange of about 3.5:1 to about 4:1 by weight.
 27. The expansion jointsystem of claim 20, wherein the fire retardant material included in thefoam includes water-based aluminum tri-hydrate.
 28. The expansion jointsystem of claim 20, wherein the fire retardant material included in thefoam is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metalhydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, ironcompounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, andcombinations of the foregoing materials.
 29. The expansion joint systemof claim 20, wherein the movement is in response to thermal effects on,or seismic movement of, the substrates.
 30. An expansion joint system,consisting of: foam; a fire retardant material included in the foam; awater resistant layer; and the expansion joint system accommodatesmovement and facilitates compression when installed between substrates,wherein the foam with the fire retardant material included therein has adensity when compressed in a range of about 200 kg/m³ to about 700kg/m³, and the expansion joint system and the foam with the fireretardant material included therein are configured to pass movementcycling and fire endurance testing mandated by UL
 2079. 31. Theexpansion joint system of claim 30, wherein the expansion joint systemhas the ability to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 930° C.at about one hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 32. The expansion jointsystem of claim 30, wherein the expansion joint system has the abilityto withstand exposure to a temperature of about 1010° C. at about twohours to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 33. The expansion joint system ofclaim 30, wherein the expansion joint system has the ability towithstand exposure to a temperature of about 1260° C. at about eighthours to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 34. The expansion joint system ofclaim 30, wherein the expansion joint system has the ability towithstand exposure to a temperature of about 540° C. at about fiveminutes to pass the UL 2079 testing.
 35. The expansion joint system ofclaim 30, wherein the foam uncompressed has a density of about 130 kg/m³to about 150 kg/m³.
 36. The expansion joint system of claim 30, whereinthe ratio of the fire retardant material included in the foam is in arange of about 3.5:1 to about 4:1 by weight.
 37. The expansion jointsystem of claim 30, wherein the fire retardant material included in thefoam includes water-based aluminum tri-hydrate.
 38. The expansion jointsystem of claim 30, wherein the fire retardant material included in thefoam is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metalhydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, ironcompounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, andcombinations of the foregoing materials.
 39. The expansion joint systemof claim 30, wherein the movement is in response to thermal effects on,or seismic movement of, the substrates.